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Qualitative study of sexual functioning in couples with erectile dysfunction: prospective evaluation of the thermography diagnostic system. J Reprod Med. The engineering analysis of bioheat equation and penile hemodynamic relationships in the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction: part II-model optimization using the ANOVA and Taguchi method.
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Internal and external validation of a day percentage erection fullness score model predicting potency recovery following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol Oncol. Predictive modelling of 2-year potency outcomes using a novel day erection fullness scale after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Comprehensive molecular characterization of urothelial bladder carcinoma. Prostate cancer collaborative stage data items—their definitions, quality, usage, and clinical implications: a review of SEER data for Kanehisa M, Goto S.
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Correspondence to Jiuhong Yuan. Reprints and Permissions. Xiong, Y. Applications of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and prediction of erectile dysfunction: a narrative review. Evaluation of Severity Currently AAIDD publishes a framework for evaluating the severity of ID, the Supports Intensity Scale SIS , which focuses on the types and intensities of supports needed to enable an individual to lead a normal and independent life, rather than defining severity in terms of deficits.
Etiology Environmental factors such as exposure to toxic substances e. Sex Males are more likely than females to be diagnosed with ID. TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES Treatments for ID generally fall into three main categories: 1 treatments that address or mitigate any underlying cause of ID, such as restricting phenylalanine in the diet of patients who have phenylketonuria; 2 treatments of comorbid physical and mental disorders with the aim of improving the patient's functioning and life skills, such as targeted pharmacologic treatments of behavioral disorders among children with fragile X syndrome Hagerman and Polussa, ; and 3 early behavioral and cognitive interventions, special education, habilitation, and psychosocial supports Szymanski and Kaplan, There are no laboratory tests for ID; however, many specific causes and genetic factors for ID can be identified through laboratory tests.
Poverty is a risk factor for ID, especially for mild ID. The functional impairments associated with ID are generally lifelong. However, there are functional supports that may enable an individual with ID to function well and participate in society.
As a diagnostic category, IDs include individuals with a wide range of intellectual functional impairments and difficulties with daily life skills. The levels of severity of intellectual impairment and the need for support can vary from profound to mild. Treatment usually consists of appropriate education and skills training, supportive environments to optimize functioning, and the targeted treatment of co-occurring psychiatric disorders.
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Hagerman RJ, Polussa J. Treatment of the psychiatric problems associated with fragile X syndrome. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. Jencks C, Phillips M, editors. The Black-white test score gap. Moeschler JB, Shevell M. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Genetics. Clinical genetic evaluation of the child with mental retardation or developmental delays. To ID or not to ID? Changes in classification rates of intellectual disability using DSM Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
The observation that low IQ tracks with high severity may mean that clinicians are doing so. The lack of clarity in the DSM-5 severity guidelines may reflect a gap in knowledge about autism. Other behavioral features, such as irritability or hyperactivity, do not correlate with severity, supporting the validity of the DSM-5 rankings.
For instance, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales assesses both social and basic life skills. Another scale, the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, covers adaptive functioning and academic ability, among other skills.
To further evaluate the accuracy of DSM-5 severity ratings, Mazurek says, researchers should determine whether they are similar across different clinics and whether they track with other measures of daily functioning.
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